Hydraulic lathe transmission



W. F. GROENE ET AL HYDRAULIC LATHE TRANSMISSION July 19,1938.

Filed April 26, 1937 a Sheets-Sheet 1' FTG. I.

INVENTORS. WILLIAM F.GROENE ROSS M.BAC.ON HAROLD J. SiEKMANN um; 93M

ATTORNEY.

July 19,1938. w. F. GROENE ET AL HYDRAULIC IIJATHE TRANSMISSION Fiied April 26, 1957 s Sheet s-Sheet 2 "mill 2 I 1-- I 5m 5 WMNM W E05 0C RA w 3 MS ASJ um I M w R M A H m w HE R W July 19, 1938. w E GRQENE r AL 2,124,348

HYDRAULIC LATHE TRANSMISSION Filed April 26, 1957 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS. \QIILUAM F. (incens- Ross M.BACON BY Hanan J. SlEKMANN A TTORNEY.

July 19, 1938. w, F, EN ET AL 2,124,348

HYDRAULIC LATHE TRANSMI SS ION Filed April 26, 1937 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 awe/whom.

wlLfim F. queue ROSS M. BACON HAROLD J. SlEKMkNN EMMA July 19, 1938 Y r w. F. GROENE ET AL 2,124,348

HYDRAULIC LATHE TRANSMISSION Filed April 26, 1937 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 3mm. WILLIAM F. qmeue E0 ss MJsAcoN Ramon; J. SIEKMANN July 19, 1938.

w. F. GROENE El AL HYDRAULIC LATHE TRANSMISSION Filed April 26', 1937 a; as

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WILLIAM F. GROENE ROSS M. BACON HAROLD J. SIEKMANN mu M I WW;

July 19, 1938.

W. FQGROENE ET AL HYDRAULIC LATHETRANSMISSION z Filed April 26, 1 957 w xx I 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 FTQX.

WILLIAM aqnzoeus R055 M.IBAON HAROLD J.S|E\ MANN y 1938. w. F. GROENE El AL 2,124,343

HYDRAULIC LATHE TRANSMISSION Filed April 26, 1957 8 Sheets-Sheet a REVERSE SLow SPEE FORwmu INVENTORS. WILLIAM F. queuereoss Bacon Hanan: v .EHEKMANN ATTORNEY.

Patented July 19, 1938 7 2,124,348 HYDRAULIC LATHE TRANSMISSION William F. Greene, Ross M. Bacon, and Harold J. Siekmann, Cincinnati, Ohio, assignors to The R. K. Le Blond Machine lool Company, Cincinnati, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application April 26, 1937, SerialNo. 138,960

11 Claims.

Our invention pertains to lathes, and more particularly to the type of lathes known as tool room lathes, which are provided with a large range of spindle speeds accurately controllable for ma chining the large variety of difierent classes of work for which such lathes are ordinarily used.

An object of our invention is to provide a lathe transmission which is driven by hydraulic power in which a large range of infinitely variable speeds are obtainable for the lathe spindle.

In connection with this hydraulically driven transmission it is our intention to provide means for automatically starting, stopping, and reversing the lathe spindle by controlling the hydraulic driving mechanism.

It is also our object to provide automatic means for actuating said hydraulic driving mechanism at relatively slow speed for efiicient and safe shifting of supplemental speed change mechanism in the headstock transmission.

Another object is to provide in a lathe a headstock which is driven by a hydraulic motor directly connected to the headstock. transmission and forming an integral part thereof.

Another object is to provide in a lathe having a hydraulically driven headstock in which the hydraulic motor is mounted on the headstock as an integral unit thereof a source of hydraulic pressure for operating said motor comprising an electrically driven hydraulic pump located in a supporting leg for the bed of the lathe.

A still further object is to provide a hydraulically driven lathe in which the control panel for the hydraulic system is mounted on a supporting leg for the bed of the lathe and in which leg is provided a fluid reservoir associated with. said panel for said hydraulic system.

A further object is to provide a hydraulically driven headstock which is lubricated from the fluid pressure system for actuating the hydraulic driving mechanism.

Another unique arrangement is to have a dry sump headstock and to drain all surplus oil from the headstock transmission into a. compartment in the bed of the lathe.

Still another arrangement is to have interconnected lubricant chambers in the bed and in a supporting leg for said bed.

It is also a part of our invention to provide control mechanism for changing the speed of the hydraulic driving mechanism and supplemental change speed mechanism in the lathe transmission and to provide inter-related dial indicating devices associated with said control mechanism.

Further objects will appear from the detailed .VII and VIII.

description of the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification in which:

Figure I is a perspective view of the rear'of a lathe particularly showing the arrangement of hydraulic driving mechanism for the headstock of the lathe. c

Figure II is a left 'handend elevation of the lathe particularly showing the location of the hydraulic driving motor mounted on the headstock and the control panel mounted on a supporting leg for the bed of the lathe.

Figure III is a view partly in section on line III-III of Figures II, IV, and V, showing the spindle start and stop lever for controlling the hydraulic driving motor. I

Figure IV is a view longitudinally of the lathe partly in section on line IV-IV of Figures III and V showing the spindle start and stop lever for controlling the hydraulic driving motor.

Figure V is a front elevation of a portion of the left hand end of the lathe particularly showing the mounting of the control panel and the interconnected lubricant chambers in the bed and leg of the lathe.

Figure VI is 'a front elevation of a portion of the lathe headstock showing the control levers and associated indicating dials for spindle speed changes. 1

Figure VII is a view partly in section on line VII-VII of Figures II, VIII, IX and X.

Figure VIII is a plan view of the lathe headstock on the line VIII-VIII of Figures II, VI, VII, IX, and X with the headstock cover plate removed and partly broken away to more clearly show the driving connection between the hydraulic driving motor and the lathe transmission.

Figure IX is a vertical transverse section through the lathe headstock on the line IX--IX of Figures VIII and VII.

Figure X is a vertical transverse section through the lathe headstock on the line X- --X of Figures Figure XI is a circuit diagram of the hydraulic system for the lathe.

For purposes of an exemplary disclosure we have shown our invention applied to a lathe of a character set forth in the copendingap lication of William F. Greene, George W. Luning and ArthurW. Aufderhar filed June 10, 1936, Serial No. 84,500. The general arrangement of the lathe is shown in Figures I and II comprising the bed I mounted on the supporting legs 2 and 3 and having a headstock 4, a tailstock 5, and tool carriage "6 mounted in a usual manner on the bed I. In the leg 2 is mounted an electric motor I which ingly engages the gear I! fixed on the worm drive shaft I8 of the headstock transmission. Power from the hydraulic motor may be delivered from shaft I8 directly to the lathe spindle I9 through the spiral gears 28and 2| or through the back gearing comprising the gears 22-23 and 24-25 driven by the worm 26 and worm wheel 21 fully set forth in application Serial No. 84,500. A manual control lever 28 with an associated indicating dial 29 is provided for properly selecting and indicating these gear changes as set forth in said application Serial No. 84,500.

Control means are provided for swinging the oscillatable cylinder part 30 of the variable speed hydraulic pump I2 comprising the manual control lever 3| which is mounted on the shaft 32 journaled in the headstock 4. A pinion 33 formed on the shaft 32 drivingly engages the gear 34 of the compound gear 3435 fixed on the shaft 36 journaled in the headstock 4. The gear 35 in turn drives the gear 31 formed on the shaft 38 journaled in the front wall 39 and rear wall 48 of the headstock 4 and having a spiral gear 4I mounted on the rearward projection of shaft 38 beyond the rear wall 40.

A housing 42 fixed to the rear wall 40 encloses the gear M and the spiral gear 43 with which it meshes, the gear 43 being fixed on a shaft 44 journaled in the housing 42 and also in the flange I4 of the hydraulic motor I2. On the portion of the shaft 44 inside the flange I4 is formed a pinion 45 which engages a gear 46 of the compound gear 4646A rotatably mounted on an appropriate stud 4I fixed in the flange I4, the gear 46A engaging the gear segment 48 which in turn is appropriately fixed on the oscillatable cylinder part 30 by screws 49 passing through its flanged portion 58. the lever 3I the oscillatable cylinder part 30 may be swung about its pivot axis 5I for obtaining variable speeds for the output shaft I5 of the hydraulic motor I2.

Mounted on the front wall 39 of the headstock 4 and associated with the indicating dial'29 is the indicating dial 52 which is connected to the shaft 36 so that upon rotation of the lever 3I the dial 52 will be rotated relative to the indicating mark 53 indicating the speeds selected for the hydraulic motor. Preferably the dial 52 is so arranged and interrelated with the dial 29 as to show actual spindle speeds in relation to selected mechanical gear changes made by the lever 28.

In order to control the hydraulic motor I2 for forward, reverse, slow speed for gear shifting, and stopping the lathe transmission when rotating, a spindle control lever 54 conveniently located at the front of the lathe is mounted on the usual spindle control rod 55 by means of the pin 56 fixed in said rod whereby the rod may be rocked by manipulating the lever v On the It can thus be seen that by rotation of for appropriately axially moving the spool in the control panel I8.

Noting particularly Figure XI, when it is de sired to operate the hydraulic motor in forward rotation, the valve spool 68 is shifted to the forward position by manipulating lever 54 to the forward position shown in Figures III and IV.

I Fluid pressure is then directed from the pump 8 through lines 6| and 62, valve recess 63, across the valve spool 68 to valve recess 64, lines 65 and 66 to the hydraulic motor I2. The exhaust fluid pressure from the motor I2 passes to the reservoir 61 in the leg 2 through lines 68 and 69, valve recess I0, through the hollow valve spool 60, valve recess II, and exhaust line I2. If the pressure in the circuit builds up beyond the setting'of the relief valve I8, the fluid by-passes to the reservoir 61 through line I2.

In order to facilitate making the supplementary gear changes by means of the lever 28 means are provided for causing the hydraulic motor to operate at a predetermined slow speed by appropriately manipulating the lever 54 to slow speed position, Figures III and VI, whereby the valve spool 68 is shifted to the slow speed position, fluid pressure is directed from the pump 8 through lines 6| and 62, valve recess 63, lines I3 and I4, needle valve I5, line I6, valve chamber II, valve spool 60, valve recess 64,'1ines 65 and 66 to the hydraulic motor I2, rotating the motor in forward direction at a predetermined slow speed. The exhaust fluid pressure from the motor I2 passes to the reservoir 61 in the leg 2 through link 68 and 69, valve recess 18, through the hollow valve spool 68, valve recess II, and exhaust line I2. The slow speed of the motor may be regulated by proper adjustment of the needle valve I5. During the slow speed portion of the cycle while gears are being changed by lever 28, part of the delivery by the pump 8 is by-passed through relief valve 18 at the pressure for which it is set.

Normally the lever 54 is positioned along line 19, Figure III, for shifting the stop, forward or reverse, by the spring urged detent plunger located in the bed I of the lathe and bearing against the arcuate detent surface 8| of the lever 54, swinging the handle about the pin 56 into position I9. In order to select the slow speed position for gear shifting the lever is swung to position 82 whereupon the projecting end 83 of the lever 54 engages the locating block 84 fixed on the bed I and upon moving the lever 54 up and down while held in position 82 the projecting end 83 will enter the slot 85 in block 84 to automatically position the lever 54 in the slow speed position. Uponrelease of the lever 54 it is again returned to position I9 by the detent plunger 80.

Means are provided for quickly stopping the lathe spindle without shock or excessive coasting of the lathe spindle when rotating in either direction.

In order tobring the spindle to a stop from forward rotation, the valve spool 60 is shifted to the stop position, fluid pressure is directed from the pump 8 through lines 6| and 62, valve recess 63, through the hollow valve spool 60 to valve recesses II and 86, and lines I2 and 81 to the reservoir 61. blocked. Pressure created in lines 68 and 69 by the momentum of the hydraulic motor and lathe transmission is directed through valve recess I8, line 88, relief valve 89, lines 98 and I3, valve recess 63, through hollow Valve spool 60, valve recesses 1I and 86, lines I2 and 81 to .the reser- Valve recesses 64 and III are you 61. In this manner the hydraulic motor comes to a stop at a ratedepending upon the hydraulic motor rotating the motor infreverse direction. The. exhaust fluid from the motor' passes; to ,the.reservoir 61 throughlines 66 and 65, valve recessfi i, through the hollowvalve spool 60,; valve.rec e,ss,86, and line 81.

In ,order,to,.,-fstopf the hydraulic mot r and lathe transmission when, operating in reverse rotation, the valve spool 60 is shifted to the fstopi position, ,fluidtpressure being directed from the pump.8 through lines 6] and 6 2, valve recess 63,

- through hollow valve spool 60 to valve recess H and 86, and lines 12 and Bltofthereservoir 61.

Valve, recesses 64- andlll are blocked. Pressure created in lines ,66 and 65 by the momentum of the hydraulic motor and lathe transmissionis directed through valve recess 64, line-92, relief valve 93, lines. 9t and 13, valve recess 63, through hollow valve spool,60, valve recesses TI and 86,

lines 12 and.8'l .to.the reservoir 61,, ,In thisrnaner the; motor comes, to a stop at .a rate ,de- T pending upon the setting of relief valve 93,,, At

this time the-fluidpumpedfrom the line 68 is replenished from the reservoir Bl through line v I ing motor, means for eiiecting speed changes in Bland check valve 95,. o r

It is to be notedthat check valves 9l and permit freeflow from the reser -voir 61 to the hydraulic motor ports duringthe deceleration or stopping 'periodof "fforwardf and freverse rotation, respectively. vAt othertimes theyare closed by a light spring pluspressure on alternate checks while running ,in either direction.

Relief valve 18 protects the pump} from excessive pressure and operates during periods when the motor l2 isbeing accelerated" I Relief valves 89 and 93 are alternately effective during stopping f-forward or ,reverse. rotation of the motor. They maybe set so as to give the desired rate of deceleration without shock. These I valves are not effective during the time the motor is running "forward or-ireverse, as it will be noted that during such periods, both the inlet and discharge of the valve in the supply circuit is subjected to pressure. For example, during forward rotation, lines 92 and 94, the inlet and discharge of relief valve 93, both connect'to pressure as they'are in communication with valve recesses 63 and- 64 of valve spool 60-through which fluid is passing to thehydraulic motor i2.

It can thus beseen that limiting pressures effecting acceleration of the fluid motor and deceleration of same may be independently regulated and controlled to suit the requirements of the iristallation. a

' The control panel l0, incorporating the mechanism shown i'nIFigure m, is so mounted on the leg 2 of the lathe as toreguire a minimum ,"of external piping to conneot .l up the" associated apparatus comprising the fluid reservoir .61, the pump 8, and the hydraulicmotor l2. Lines 12 and 81 are connected byz'port-f 96 in panel i0 v through opening 91 to the reservoir 61. .The intake line 98 is similarly connected to the reservoir 61 through port 99, no piping being required for these connections, the panel I0 forming an integral part of the reservoir 61,

o A reservoir I00 is also provided in the bed I of the lathe beneath the headstock 4, and is inter-connected with the reservoir 61 by suitable:

piping IM. The reservoir 61 is maintained completely filled at all times and the reservoir I00 is maintained to the level I02 by applying liquid through the filler opening I03.

The mechanical parts of thelathe headstock transmission are lubricated directly from the hydraulic pump 6 through lines 6!, 62 and I04.

,A suitable adjustable restriction I05 is provided discharged from the working parts of the headstock transmission passing through the opening I06, Figure IX, into the reservoir I06 in the bed i of the lathe thus preventing anyloss of fluid supply from the hydraulic system in lubricating the transmission mechanism;

Having fully set forth and described our in-' vention, what wefclainr as new and desire to secure by United States Letters 'Patent is: v 1. In a lathe, a bed, a supporting b'ase forsaid bed, a headstock mounted on said bedQmeans for rotating the work spindle in saidheadstock comprising a hydraulically driven change speed transmission in said headstock, a fluid pressure pump and a driving motor for said pump mounted in said base, a hydraulic control panel mounted on said base, inter-connecting means between said panel and said pump and hydraulic drivsaid change speed transmission, and 'meansfor operating said control panel whereby said hy 2. In. a lathe, a bed, a supporting base for] said bed, a headstock mounted ,on said, bed, a

hydraulic driving motorin said headstock for rotatingthe lathe spindle, a fluid pressure pump and a driving motor for said pump, a fluid reservoir for said pump mounted in said base, a concrating said panel to thereby control thebperation of said hydraulic driving motor. v

3. In a lathe, a bed, a supporting .base for said ,bed, .a headstock mounted on said bed, a

, hydraulic drivingmotor in said headstock for rotating the lathe; spindle a fluid pressure pump;

and a driving motor for said pumpfor operating said hydraulic driving motor, a fluid reservoir for.

ervoir in .said bed for catching excess lubricant from said headstock, inter-connecting means be tween said reservoirswhereby,excessjubricant -65 from said headstoc maybe. returned to said reservoir for saidpump. l J i 4. A lathe headstock comprising a housing,'a hydraulic drivingmotor mounted on said hous-v ing, a drive shaft projecting from said hydraulic motor into said housing, a pinion on said shaft" a worm shaft journaled in said housing, a gear driven by said pinion flxedon's'aid worm shaft,

' trol panel mounted on saidvbase forming apart of and connected tosaid reservoirQinter-iconnecting means between said panel and said pump and hydraulic driving motor'yand means forppand worms on. said worm shaft adapted'to drive a compound back gear, a work spindle, and a feed drive shaft Journaled in said housing.

5. A lathe headstock comprising a housing, a hydraulic driving motor mounted on said housing, a drive shaft projecting from said hydraulic motor into said housing, a pinion on said shaft, a worm shaft journaled in said housing, a gear driven by'said pinion fixed on said worm shaft, a back-gear shaft journaled in said housing, a worm wheel fixed on said back gear shaft, a worm on said worm shaft adapted to drive said worm wheel, a compound back gear slidably mounted on said back gear shaft for engagement with appropriate gears on the work spindle or to be disconnected therefrom, a worm wheel on said spindle adapted to be connected to or disconnected from driving relation with said spindle, a worm on said worm shaft adapted to drive said second mentioned worm wheel, a feed drive shaft, a worm wheel on said feed drive shaft,- and a worm on said worm shaft adapted to drive said last mentioned worm wheel.

6. A lathe headstock comprising a housing, a variable speed hydraulic driving motor mounted on said housing, a drive shaft projecting from said hydraulic motor into said housing, a pinion on said shaft, a worm shaft journaled in said housing, a gear driven by said pinion fixed on said worm shaft, a back-gear shaft journaledin said housing, a worm wheel fixed on said back-gear shaft, a worm on said worm shaft adapted to drive .said worm wheel, a compound back-gear slidably mounted on said back gear shaft for engagement with appropriate gears on the work spindle or to be disconnected therefrom, a worm wheel on said spindle adapted to be connected to or disconnected from driving relation with said spindle, a worm on said worm shaft adapted to drive said second mentioned worm wheel, a feed drive shaft, a worm wheel on said feed drive shaft, a worm on said worm shaft adapted to drive said last mentioned worm wheel, control means on said housing for regulating said variable speed driving motor, and control means on said housing for actuating said compound backgear and said worm wheel on said work spindle in a predetermined sequence..

7. In a lathe headstock as set forth in claim 6, control means for said variable speed hydraulic motor comprising a crank handle, transmission gearing between said crank handle and the variable element of said motor whereby rotation of said crank handle causes variations in the output speed of said motor, a dial rotatable by rotation of said crank handle, control means for said back gear and said worm wheel on said work spindle comprising a crank handle and a cam drum actuated by rotation of said second mentioned crank handle, gear shifting yoke mechanism actuated by said cam for shifting said back gear and said worm wheel on the work spindle, a dial I mounted on said headstock housing and rotatable upon rotation of said second mentioned crank handle, data on said second mentioned dial indicating back gear, intermediate back gear, and

high speeds for spindle rotation and also a position indicating coarse threading and relieving operation for the lathe, and data on said first mentioned dial indicating the various speeds obtainable from said driving motor in terms of spindle speeds for each position selected on said second mentioned dial.

8. In a;lathe headstock, transmission gearing adapted to produce backgear, intermediate back gear and high speeds and feeds for coarse threading and relieving, control means on said headstock for selecting said various speeds, a dial indicating device associated with said control means to show said selected position, a variable speed hydraulic driving motor for operating said transmission, control means on said headstock for varying the speed of said driving motor, a dial indicating device associated with said last mentioned control means, data on said last mentioned dial indicating means showing the spindle speeds which maybe obtained for the various positions of said control means for said driving motor for the various positions selected for the control means for said back-gear, intermediate back gear, high speeds and coarse threading and relieving positions of said first mentioned control means.

9. In a lathe, a bed, a headstock mounted on said bed, means for rotating the work spindle in said headstock comprising a variable speed hydraulic driving motor, change speed transmission mechanism between said motor and said work spindle, control means in said headstock for varying the speed of said driving motor, dial indicating means associated with said control means, control means for selecting various speeds of said change speed transmission mechanism, dial indicating means associated with said last mentioned control means, data on said first mentioned dial indicating means showing the various spindle speeds which are obtained for positions of the control means associated therewith for positions selected for said last mentioned control means.

10. In a lathe, a bed, a headstock mounted on said bed, means for rotating a work spindle in said headstock comprising a variable speed hydraulic driving motor, and a change speed transmission mechanism between said motor and said work spindle, control means for varying the speed of said hydraulic driving motor and control means for selecting various speeds of said change speed transmission, a dial associated with each of said control means, the dial of said second mentioned control means showing positions to be selected when using the lathe in low back gear, high back gear, high speed, and coarse threading and relieving, and the dial for said first mentioned control means indicating various speeds which may be selected for said spindle for the various speeds selected for said second mentioned control means.

11. In a lathe, a headstock, a transmission in said headstock, a hydraulic driving motor for operating said transmission, and control means for said hydraulic driving motor comprising a lever movable in a plane to a forward and reverse position each side of a stop position, said lever also having movement perpendicular to said first mentioned plane of movement, in one position in said I second mentioned plane said lever being adapted to be'moved to forward or reverse or stop position and in said second position in said second mentioned plane of movement said lever being adapted to be moved from stop position to a predetermined slow speed position when making speed changes in said headstock transmission.

WILLIAM F. GROENE. ROSS M. BACON. HAROLD J. SIEKMANN. 

